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Flemish policy and activism

During The First World War, Germany believed in the divide-and-rule principle. By sowing division, the German position would be strengthened. Flamenpolitik, or Flemish Policy, formed an integral part of this strategy.   The German occupier wished to drive back the French influence. To this end, their activities included the founding of a ...

Tourism in time of war

Immediately before The First World War, a democratisation of tourism took place. Tourism was no longer only reserved for the very wealthiest; the well-off middle class could also afford a trip every now and then too. At the outbreak of the war, tourism in occupied Belgium initially fell completely still. Conveyances such as cars and bicycles were ...

Magasins américains

Pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, la population belge était dépendante de l’aide alimentaire étrangère. Le Comité de secours et d’alimentation national joua un rôle primordial dans la distribution des denrées alimentaires importées. Il ouvrit ses propres points de vente dans lesquels la population pouvait acheter du sucre, ...

Dogs under the occupation

Because so many horses and donkeys were requisitioned in occupied Belgium, dogs had to provide even more pulling power than before the war. They were harnessed to dogcarts and pulled the milkman's milk, the baker's bread, and the farmer's children. However, the Germans, who were not familiar with the practice, rejected dogcarts as ...

Les chiens sous l’occupation

On réquisitionnait tellement de chevaux et d’ânes en Belgique occupée que les chiens devaient encore plus assurer la force de traction qu’avant la guerre. Ils étaient attelés à la charrette à chiens et tractaient le lait du laitier, le pain du boulanger et les enfants du fermier. Les Allemands, qui ne connaissaient pas cet ...

Lecture critique des journaux historiques

Les journaux constituent une source accessible pour étudier les différents aspects de la Première Guerre mondiale. Mais à l’instar des autres sources historiques, les informations issues des journaux doivent être appréhendées de manière critique. Ceci vaut tant pour les textes que pour les photos et les ...

Une armée de sans-emploi? Le travail forcé

Au fur et à mesure que la guerre s’éternisait, l’économie allemande manquait de bras. Dans le même temps, l’économie en Belgique occupée était presque à l’arrêt et il y avait énormément de sans-emploi. Le haut commandement allemand jeta son dévolu sur ces sans-emploi belges pour continuer à faire fonctionner ...

The start of the final sprint: the liberation offensive

The allied liberation offensive began in August 1918. The allies launched an offensive over the entire western front, in order to push the Germans back for good. It was now or never. The German troops were at the end of their tether after the failure of their spring offensive. Revolution threatened in Germany. On the allied side, two million fresh ...

Héroïnes de bronze

Si de nombreuses espionnes de la Première Guerre mondiale tombèrent à jamais dans l’anonymat, certaines eurent droit à leur statut d’héroïnes. Edith Cavell devint ainsi un modèle de résistance immédiatement après son exécution. Cette Britannique dirigeait depuis 1907 la première école belge d’infirmières. Après ...

The Belgian press landscape during the Great War

On the eve of the war, the Belgian newspaper press was going through a heyday. Hundreds of national and local newspapers were being published, with a total print run of a million copies a day. It was an outspoken opinion press and many papers drew support from one of the political camps. In October 1914, the German advance brought an end to the ...

A deadly cloud: the first big gas attack in Belgium

On 22 April 1915, French and British troops were surprised by a yellow cloud drifting towards their lines between Steenstrate and Langemark. When the cloud reached the soldiers, they suffered violent and painful coughing fits and burning eyes. This first large-scale gas attack using deadly gas sent a wave of panic through the soldiers. On that ...

American shops

During The First World War, the Belgian population was dependent on foreign food aid. The Nationaal Hulp- en Voedingscomité played a crucial role in the distribution of the imported foodstuffs. To this end, the committee opened its own sales points, which the population could visit to buy sugar, corn, tinned meat, rice and other staple products. ...

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